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The Order of Atonement of the Franciscan Minims of the Perpetual Help of Mary (mfPS) is a single (one single Order, not three like the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Dominican and Franciscan Orders) Roman Catholic active/contemplative religious order distinguished by three (3) Branches: the Men's Branch for Priests and Brothers/Friars, the Women's Branch for Nuns and the Lay Branch for those of all ages and professions, including the sick, dying, and those children conceived but as yet "unborn" or "pre-born". The Order was founded on June 24, 1942 in Zamora, Michoacan, Mexico by Reverend Mother María Concepción of the Nativity and the Perpetual Help of Mary. Called the Order of Atonement/Work of Atonement/the Legion of Victim Souls, "Minims" as "Victim Souls" (men or women living the Religious Life or those still living in the world also called laymen〔http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/layman〕 or laity ) live a life in keeping with their motto of "Charity and Immolation". Those Franciscan Minims who profess public Religious vows receive a Religious habit, similar to the Franciscan Habit and the Carmelite Habit. However, the Habit of the Franciscan Minims of the Perpetual Help of Mary has the same colors of tunic and veil (or cowl for the men) as Our Lady wears in Her Icon of Perpetual Help. Our Lady wears these same colors in Icons of Our Lady of Mount Carmel and many other famous icons, paintings and statues of the Blessed Ever-Virgin Mother of God. The Minim tunic is maroon, with a blue veil (or blue cowl for the men). In Mexico City, in the 1970s, the locals nicknamed the Nuns: "Los Rojos" (the Red ones). Traditionally, this color was worn by poor Jewish women as it was an earthen color. Wealthier women wore white since they had servants and other means to maintain perfectly white cloth. In art, these colors traditionally signify both the Virginity (Red) and Motherhood (Blue) of the Blessed Virgin Mary. ==Origins== The Order's establishment began according to the Foundress of the Order, Reverend Mother María Concepción of the Nativity and the Perpetual Help of Mary, when she was still a young girl. María Concepción Zúñiga López writes that Jesus Christ instructed and dictated the Rule and Constitutions of the Order to her. During and after María Concepción's First Holy Communion (which her mother helped her daughter to make in secret because her father was a 33rd degree Mason and all the Catholic churches and schools in Mexico at that time were closed, and most priests, bishops and Religious had to go into in hiding due to the violent slaughter of Catholics by government forces or "Federales" under the Calles government) the Eucharistic Jesus spoke to little María Concepción and taught her the Faith and how to pray since she had received absolutely no religious education or catechesis at all during this time (1924-1928) of anti-Catholic, anti-Church religious persecution by the atheist Mexican president Plutarco Elías Calles. Living in a secular household during a time of violent religious persecution in Mexico, María Concepción Zúñiga López had never seen women living in a Religious community and did not even know Religious Life for women existed. At one point in her education, she was learning secretarial skills that include typing and short hand from a group of women who taught in a business school near her home. María Concepción told her spiritual director, a famous Mexican bishop in hiding, that she was drawn to a life of prayer and the bishop explained to her that the women who were teaching her were Carmelites in hiding〔 (they did not wear a Religious habit but secular dresses) and actually belonged to a Religious Congregation (Catholic), the Carmelite Sisters of the Sacred Heart (Hermanas Carmelitas del Sagrado Corazon〔http://www.ocd.org.mx/05FamCarmelitana/05MisionSagrado.html〕) founded in María Concepción's home town of Jalisco by Venerable Mother María Luisa Josefa of the Most Blessed Sacrament.〔http://www.carmelitesistersocd.com/mother-luisita/〕 On June 24, 1927, Mother Luisa and two other sisters sought refuge in Los Angeles from the religious persecutions in Mexico at that time. This led to the establishment of twelve Carmels in the United States with a novitiate and eventually to the establishment of the Carmelite Sisters of the Most Sacred Heart of Los Angeles〔http://www.carmelitesistersocd.com/,〕 a sister-congregation to the foundation in Mexico. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Franciscan Minims of the Perpetual Help of Mary」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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